B complex vitamins all work together
B2:
Riboflavin is a co-factor for the enzyme glutathione reductase which regenerates reduced glutathione. In healthy individuals who already consume more than the RDA of riboflavin, supplementation of levels above the RDA increase glutathione reductase activity. Riboflavin deficient rats develop abnormal electrocardiograms (ERG). Supplementation of 10 mg/day of riboflavin increases plasma glutathione by 83% resulting in improved antioxidant protection of the retina.
B3:
Also called Niacin, can help improve night blindness, which is often an early sign of metabolic stress in the retina. B3 is like a work horse for co-enzymes that produce and break down carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids. Niacin also contributes to the antioxidant defense system against cataracts.
B5:
Pantothenic Acid is a crucial nutrient for energy metabolism. It also makes brain neurotransmitters and natural body steroid hormones. It is also important in production of adrenal hormones that help the body handle stress; needed for transmission of nerve impulses between nerve cells; important for production of hemoglobin; needed to convert carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy; required for the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol; supports normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract; enables the body to utilize other vitamins and minerals; needed for formation of antibodies to ward off infections.
B6:
A new study finds that women who took a combination of B6 and B12 vitamins along with a folic acid supplement had lower risks of developing age-related macular degeneration. The women who got the supplements, compared with those taking a placebo, had a 34 percent lower risk of developing any form of AMD, and a 41 percent lower risk of more severe forms of AMD.
Biotin:
Biotin improves vision in some cases of macular degeneration within 1 to 2 weeks. Biotin is involved in EFA and carbohydrate metabolism. It also converts fungal growths with root-like rhizomes back into their non-invasive yeast forms. This could be a mechanism involved in neovascular membranes.
B12 (Methylcobalamin)
Supports normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, the formation of blood, and the metabolism of every cell of the human body including the eyes.
B12 is unique in that it is required by the body in much smaller amounts than any other B vitamin. Cobalamin was first discovered in the 1940s and was found to cure pernicious anemia — a condition in which the body can’t make enough healthy red blood cells. B12 is needed for optimal digestion and the absorption of foods, the manufacturing of protein, and the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. It also has the ability to increase energy levels and prevent fatigue.
B14:
Vitamin B14 (Trimethylglycine, Betaine, or TMG) is recommended by the Remission Foundation to enhance circulation, which is related to virtually all macular degeneration. The macula of the eye is the highest oxygen-demanding tissue in the body, and oxygen is delivered by the blood vessels. TMG reverses atherosclerosis (while also elevating mood and helping ot prevent cancer) as one of the body’s most potent methyl donors. It recycles SAMe (S-Adenosyl Methionine) which would otherwise break down into Homocysteine, a toxic amino acid associated with atherosclerosis much more strongly than is cholesterol.
TMG also recycles Homocysteine into methionine, and provides a protective methyl coating to protect the DNA from free radical damage. TMG is naturally derived from beets, but eating enough beets would add too much iron to the diet. We now know that iron, even at ‘normal’ levels promotes free radical aging processes and reduces longevity. When TMG has used up its first of three methyl groups, it becomes dimethyl glycine, or DMG (see below).
B15:
Vitamin B15 (Pangamic acid, Dimethylglycine, or DMG) has been recommended, although TMG provides all the benefits of DMG and more.
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